
一、核心定义:明确两种句型的本质属性
(一)形式主语句型
形式主语句型是用“it” 代替真正的主语(通常是不定式、动名词或从句),放在句首作形式主语,而将真正主语置于句末的句型。
核心目的: 避免句子头重脚轻,使句子结构更平衡、表达更自然。
真正主语类型:
①不定式(to do);②动名词(doing);③主语从句(that/whether/wh - 引导)。
•示例:
It is important to learn English well.(it 是形式主语,真正主语是 “to learn English well”);
It is fun playing basketball with friends.(it 是形式主语,真正主语是 “playing basketball with friends”)。
(二)形式宾语句型
展开剩余97%形式宾语句型是在“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构中,当真正宾语是不定式、动名词或从句时,用 “it” 代替真正宾语作形式宾语,将真正宾语放在宾语补足语之后的句型。
核心目的是让宾语补足语紧跟谓语,符合英语“尾重” 的表达习惯,避免句子结构混乱。
常用谓语动词:think, find, feel, consider, make, believe 等(需接宾语补足语,如 adj. 或 n.)。
•示例:
I find it easy to finish the homework.(it 是形式宾语,真正宾语是 “to finish the homework”,“easy” 是宾语补足语);
He thinks it a pity that he missed the party.(it 是形式宾语,真正宾语是 “that he missed the party”,“a pity” 是宾语补足语)。
二、重点知识:系统拆解规则(附实例)
(一)形式主语句型:三大核心结构与用法
1. 结构一:It + be + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.(真正主语是不定式)
规则:当真正主语是不定式“to do sth” 时,需根据形容词的属性选择 “for sb.” 或 “of sb.”:
① 形容词描述 “事物性质”(如 important, necessary, difficult, easy 等),用 “for sb.”;
示例:It is difficult for students to solve this problem.(“difficult” 描述 “解决问题” 这件事的性质,用 for students)。
② 形容词描述 “人的品质”(如 kind, nice, clever, foolish 等),用 “of sb.”;
示例:It is kind of you to help me.(“kind” 描述 “你” 的品质,用 of you)。
2. 结构二:It + be + n. + doing sth.(真正主语是动名词)
•规则:当真正主语是动名词“doing sth” 时,句中表语通常是名词(如 fun, pleasure, waste of time, good habit 等),用于说明 “做某事是……(名词所表的事物)”。
示例:
It is a waste of time playing computer games too much.(真正主语是 “playing computer games too much”,表语 “a waste of time” 说明 “玩太多电脑游戏” 是浪费时间);
It is great fun traveling around the world.(真正主语是 “traveling around the world”,表语 “great fun” 说明 “环游世界” 很有趣)。
3. 结构三:It + be + adj./n. + that/whether/wh - 从句(真正主语是从句)
•规则:当真正主语是从句时,从句可由 that(表陈述)、whether(表 “是否”,不可用 if)或 wh - 词(what/when/where 等,表疑问)引导,it 仅作形式主语。
示例:
① It is true that the earth goes around the sun.(真正主语是 that 从句,表陈述 “地球绕太阳转” 是事实);
② It is unknown whether he will come tomorrow.(真正主语是 whether 从句,表 “他明天是否来” 未知,不可用 if);
③ It is a mystery where she hid the key.(真正主语是 where 从句,表 “她把钥匙藏在哪” 是个谜)。
(二)形式宾语句型:两大核心结构与用法
1. 结构一:主语 + 谓语动词(think/find/feel 等)+ it + adj. + to do/doing/that 从句(真正宾语)
•规则:谓语动词后先接 it 作形式宾语,再接形容词作宾语补足语,最后接真正宾语(不定式、动名词或从句),即 “谓语动词 + it+adj.+ 真正宾语”。
示例:
①I think it important to practice speaking English every day.(谓语动词 think,it 是形式宾语,adj. 是 important,真正宾语是 “to practice speaking English every day”);
② She finds it interesting reading detective stories.(谓语动词 finds,it 是形式宾语,adj. 是 interesting,真正宾语是 “reading detective stories”);
③ We feel it strange that he didn’t attend the meeting.(谓语动词 feel,it 是形式宾语,adj. 是 strange,真正宾语是 “that he didn’t attend the meeting”)。
•2. 结构二:主语 + 谓语动词(make/consider 等)+ it + n. + to do/that 从句(真正宾语)
•规则:谓语动词后接 it 作形式宾语,再接名词作宾语补足语,最后接真正宾语(不定式或从句),即 “谓语动词 + it+n.+ 真正宾语”。
示例:
①The teacher makes it a rule for students to hand in homework on time.(谓语动词 make,it 是形式宾语,n. 是 a rule,真正宾语是 “for students to hand in homework on time”);
② They consider it a honor that they can join the team.(谓语动词 consider,it 是形式宾语,n. 是 a honor,真正宾语是 “that they can join the team”)。
三、重点练习(分模块,每题 5-8 题)
(一)形式主语句型练习(8 题)
1.用形式主语句型改写句子:To learn English well is important.
__________________________________________________
2.选择合适的介词(for/of)填空:It is necessary ______ us to get up early.;It is clever ______ him to solve the problem.
3.翻译句子:每天锻炼对我们的健康有好处。
__________________________________________________
4.用 that 从句作真正主语补全句子:It is true ______ ______(地球绕太阳转).
5.改正错误:It is unknown if he will come to the party.
__________________________________________________
6.填空:It is a pleasure ______(help)others when they are in trouble.
7.翻译句子:浪费食物是一种不好的习惯。
__________________________________________________
8.选择:It is difficult ______ old people to learn new technology quickly. ( )
A.of B. for C. to D. with
(二)形式宾语句型练习(8 题)
1.用形式宾语句型改写句子:I find to finish the work in an hour easy.
__________________________________________________
2.填空:She thinks it interesting ______(read)science fiction.
3.翻译句子:我们认为他没通过考试很奇怪。
__________________________________________________
4.改正错误:He makes it a rule that he gets up at 6 a.m.
__________________________________________________
5.选择:They consider ______ important to protect the environment. ( )
A. that B. this C. it D. one
6.填空:I feel ______ a pity that I can’t attend your birthday party.
7.翻译句子:她发现和孩子们一起玩很开心。
__________________________________________________
8.改正错误:We believe that it is necessary to learn a second language.
__________________________________________________
四、难点知识:
(一)形式主语句型难点:“for sb.” 与 “of sb.” 的精准区分
•难点解析:学生易混淆“for sb.” 与 “of sb.” 的用法,
•核心判断依据是“形容词能否用来描述人”—— 能描述人用 “of sb.”,反之用 “for sb.”。
示例:
①It is kind of you to help me.(“kind” 能描述 “you”,可用 “of you”,且可 转换为“You are kind to help me.”);
② It is difficult for you to carry the box.(“difficult” 不能描述 “you”,只能描述 “搬箱子” 这件事,可用 “for you”,不可转换为 “You are difficult to carry the box.”)。
(二)形式宾语句型难点:“真正宾语为从句时的语序”
•难点解析:当真正宾语是 that 从句时,学生易误将从句直接放在谓语动词后,忽略形式宾语 it。
•需牢记“谓语动词 + it + 宾语补足语 + that 从句” 的结构,不可省略 it。
错误示例:I think important that we should study hard.(×,缺少形式宾语 it)
正确:I think it important that we should study hard.
正确示例:He finds it strange that his phone is missing.(it 作形式宾语,that 从句作真正宾语,“strange” 是宾语补足语)。
(三)两种句型的共性难点:“it 的不可替代性”
•难点解析:学生易用 this/that/one 代替 it 作形式主语或形式宾语,
•需明确:只有 it 能作形式主语或形式宾语,其他代词均不可。
错误示例:This is important to learn English.(×,形式主语需用 it)
正确:It is important to learn English.
错误示例:She finds this easy to solve the problem.(×,形式宾语需用 it)
正确:She finds it easy to solve the problem.
五、难点练习(10 题)
1.选择:It is polite ______ you to say “thank you” when someone helps you. ( )
A. for B. of C. to D. with
2.改写句子(形式宾语):We consider that learning team work is necessary.
__________________________________________________
3.判断句子正误,若错误改正:It is good for him to be honest.
__________________________________________________
4.填空:The boss makes ______ a rule that all employees must wear uniforms.
5.翻译句子:你能帮我学数学真是太好了。
__________________________________________________
6.改正错误:I feel that it interesting to watch documentaries.
__________________________________________________
7.选择:It is dangerous ______ children to play near the river. ( )
A. of B. for C. with D. about
8.改写句子(形式主语):That he will visit us next week is exciting.
__________________________________________________
9.填空:She thinks ______ difficult that she has to finish two reports in one day.
__________________________________________________
10.翻译句子:我们发现每天记 10 个单词很有用。________________________________________________
六、易错点分析:高频错误与规避方法
(一)形式主语句型易错点
1. 误用 “if” 引导主语从句表 “是否”
•错误示例:It is uncertain if he will go abroad.(×);
•正确示例:It is uncertain whether he will go abroad.(√);
•规避方法:牢记“主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中表‘是否’用 whether,不用 if”,仅宾语从句中可互换。
2. 遗漏 “for/of sb.” 中的介词
•错误示例:It is important us to practice English.(×);
•正确示例:It is important for us to practice English.(√);
•规避方法:当真正主语是“to do sth” 且形容词后需体现 “对某人而言” 时,必须加 for/of sb.,可通过 “能否转换为‘sb. is adj.’” 判断是否加 of(能转换加 of,不能加 for)。
(二)形式宾语句型易错点
1. 省略形式宾语 “it”
•错误示例:I find easy to learn grammar.(×);
•正确示例:I find it easy to learn grammar.(√);
•规避方法:当谓语动词(如 think/find/feel)后接 “adj./n.+ 真正宾语(to do / 从句)” 时,必须先加 it 作形式宾语,可记忆口诀 “ 谓动后,宾补前,it 占位不能删”。
2. 混淆 “真正宾语” 与 “宾语补足语” 的位置
•错误示例:He thinks to learn English it important.(×);
•正确示例:He thinks it important to learn English.(√);
•规避方法:牢记形式宾语句型结构“主语 + 谓动 + it + 宾补(adj./n.)+ 真正宾语”,宾补必须紧跟 it,真正宾语放在最后。
七、3 年内真题训练(10 题,模拟中考难度)
1.______ is important for us to protect the environment. ( )
A. This B. That C. It D. One
2.She finds ______ interesting to collect stamps. She has collected many kinds. ( )
A. this B. it C. that D. one
3.)It is kind ______ you to help me carry the heavy box.(用适当的介词填空)
4.We all think ______ necessary to learn a foreign language well. ( )
A. what B. this C. it D. that
5.It is true ______ the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(用适当的连词填空)
6.)The teacher makes ______ a rule that we must hand in our homework on time. ( )
A. it B. that C. this D. one
7.It is difficult ______ old people to use smart phones. ( )
A. of B. for C. with D. to
8.I feel ______ a pity that I can’t go to the concert with you.(用适当的代词填空)
9.)It is unknown ______ he will come back home this weekend. ( )
A. if B. that C. whether D. what
10.They consider ______ important that everyone should follow the traffic rules. ( )
A. it B. this C. that D. what
八、强化训练(满分 100 分)
(一)单项选择题(每题 4 分,共 40 分)
1.______ is a good habit to read books every day. ( )
A. This B. That C. It D. One
2.I think ______ easy to remember English words by making sentences. ( )
A. that B. it C. this D. what
3.It is polite ______ you to give your seat to the old on the bus. ( )
A. of B. for C. to D. with
4.The manager makes ______ a rule that all workers must wear uniforms. ( )
A. that B. it C. this D. one
5.It is necessary ______ us to learn how to protect ourselves. ( )
A. of B. for C. with D. about
6.She finds ______ interesting that she can talk with foreigners in English. ( )
A. it B. that C. this D. what
7.It is unknown ______ the meeting will be held next Monday. ( )
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
8.We consider ______ a honor to be invited to the party. ( )
A. this B. it C. that D. one
9.It is foolish ______ him to spend too much time playing computer games. ( )
A. of B. for C. to D. with
10.He thinks ______ important to practice speaking English every day. ( )
A. that B. it C. this D. which
(二)填空题(每空 3 分,共 30 分)
11.It is important ______(we)to master basic English grammar.
12.I find ______ difficult to finish the report in such a short time.
13.It is true ______ the earth is round.
14.The teacher makes ______ a rule for students ______(hand)in homework on time.
15.It is kind ______ you ______(help)me with my math homework.
16.She thinks ______ interesting ______(read)history books.
17.It is unknown ______ he will arrive here tomorrow.
18.We feel ______ a pity that we can’t go hiking this weekend.
19.It is a waste of time ______(watch)TV for too long every day.
20.They consider ______ necessary ______(learn)a second language in the future.
(三)句型转换与翻译(每题 5 分,共 30 分)
21.用形式主语句型改写:To help others is meaningful.
_________________________________________________
22.用形式宾语句型改写:I think that learning English well is important.
_________________________________________________
23.翻译句子:对孩子们来说,每天锻炼半小时很有益。
_________________________________________________
24.改正错误:It is clever for him to work out the math problem.
_________________________________________________
25.翻译句子:她发现和朋友一起逛公园很开心。
_________________________________________________
26.改正错误:We believe important that we should protect wild animals.
_________________________________________________
九、所有练习答案与解析
(一)重点练习答案与解析
(一)形式主语句型练习(8 题)
1.答案:It is important to learn English well.
解析:原句真正主语为不定式“To learn English well”,采用形式主语句型时,用 it 作形式主语置于句首,真正主语后置,符合 “it + be + adj. + to do sth.” 结构,使句子结构更平衡。
2.答案:for;of
解析:第一空“necessary” 描述 “早起” 这件事的客观性质,不指向人的品质,故用 for;第二空 “clever” 用于描述 “him” 的个人能力与品质,且可转换为 “He is clever to solve the problem”,故用 of。
3.答案:It is good for our health to exercise every day. / It is good for our health exercising every day.
解析:真正主语可选择不定式“to exercise every day” 或动名词 “exercising every day”,均需用 it 作形式主语;“对健康有好处” 用 “be good for our health”,符合形式主语句型的 “it + be + adj. + 真正主语” 结构。
4.答案:that the earth goes around the sun
解析:真正主语为 that 引导的陈述句从句,“地球绕太阳转” 是客观真理,需用一般现在时 “goes around”;从句作真正主语时,需用 it 作形式主语,符合 “it + be + adj. + that 从句” 结构。
5.答案:It is unknown whether he will come to the party.
解析:主语从句中表“是否” 需用 whether,不可用 if(if 仅可用于宾语从句表 “是否”),故将 if 改为 whether,确保语法规范。
6.答案:to help
解析:句型为“it + be + n. + to do sth.”,其中 “a pleasure” 为名词表语,真正主语需用不定式形式,故填 to help,符合 “做某事是一种乐趣” 的语义。
7.答案:It is a bad habit to waste food. / It is a bad habit wasting food.
解析:真正主语可选用不定式“to waste food” 或动名词 “wasting food”,用 it 作形式主语;“不好的习惯” 用 “a bad habit” 作表语,符合 “it + be + n. + 真正主语” 结构,表达 “浪费食物这一行为属于坏习惯” 的含义。
8.答案:B
解析:“difficult” 用于描述 “老年人快速学习新技术” 这件事的难度,不指向人的品质,故需用 for,选 B;of 用于形容词描述人品质的场景,to 和 with 无此搭配用法。
(二)形式宾语句型练习(8 题)
1.答案:I find it easy to finish the work in an hour.
解析:原句真正宾语为不定式“to finish the work in an hour”,采用形式宾语句型时,用 it 作形式宾语置于谓语 “find” 后,宾语补足语 “easy” 紧跟 it,真正宾语后置,符合 “主语 + find + it + adj. + to do sth.” 结构。
2.答案:to read
解析:句型为“主语 + think + it + adj. + to do sth.”,“it” 作形式宾语,“interesting” 为宾语补足语,真正宾语需用不定式形式,故填 to read,表达 “她认为读科幻小说很有趣” 的语义。
3.答案:We think it strange that he didn’t pass the exam.
解析:谓语动词用“think”,用 it 作形式宾语,“strange” 作宾语补足语,真正宾语为 that 引导的从句 “he didn’t pass the exam”,符合 “主语 + think + it + adj. + that 从句” 结构,使 “奇怪” 这一感受紧跟谓语,句子逻辑更清晰。
4.答案:The teacher makes it a rule to get up at 6 a.m.
解析:“make” 后接形式宾语时,真正宾语若表 “习惯性动作”,用不定式更符合表达习惯;原句 that 从句 “that he gets up at 6 a.m.” 可简化为不定式 “to get up at 6 a.m.”,结构为 “make + it + n. + to do sth.”,避免从句作宾语导致的结构冗余。
5.答案:C
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的不定式 “to protect the environment”,that、this、one 均不可作形式宾语,故选 C。
6.答案:it
解析:句型为“主语 + feel + it + n. + that 从句”,“it” 作形式宾语,指代后面的 that 从句 “我不能参加你的生日派对”,“a pity” 为宾语补足语,故填 it,符合语法结构。
7.答案:She finds it happy to play with children. / She finds it happy playing with children.
解析:谓语动词用“find”,用 it 作形式宾语,“happy” 作宾语补足语,真正宾语可选用不定式 “to play with children” 或动名词 “playing with children”,均符合 “主语 + find + it + adj. + 真正宾语” 结构,表达 “她觉得和孩子们玩很开心” 的语义。
8.答案:We believe it necessary to learn a second language.
解析:改为形式宾语句型时,用 it 作形式宾语置于谓语 “believe” 后,宾语补足语 “necessary” 紧跟 it,真正宾语 “to learn a second language”(原句 that 从句省略后核心内容)后置,符合 “主语 + believe + it + adj. + to do sth.” 结构,使句子更简洁流畅。
(二)难点练习答案与解析(10 题)
1.答案:B
解析:“polite” 用于描述 “you” 的礼貌品质,且可转换为 “You are polite to say ‘thank you’ when someone helps you”,故需用 of,选 B;for 用于形容词描述事物性质的场景,to 和 with 无此搭配用法。
2.答案:We consider it necessary that we learn team work. / We consider it necessary to learn team work.
解析:形式宾语句型结构为“consider + it + adj. + 真正宾语”,真正宾语若为从句,需用 that 引导(从句谓语用原形 “learn” 更简洁),也可简化为不定式 “to learn team work”;用 it 作形式宾语,“necessary” 作宾语补足语,符合 “主语 + consider + it + adj. + 真正宾语” 结构。
3.答案:句子错误,改正为:It is good of him to be honest.
解析:“honest” 用于描述 “him” 的诚实品质,且可转换为 “He is good to be honest”,故需将 for 改为 of;for 用于形容词描述事物性质,此处不符合语义逻辑。
4.答案:it
解析:句型为“make + it + n. + that 从句”,“it” 作形式宾语,指代后面的 that 从句 “所有员工必须穿制服”,“a rule” 为宾语补足语,故填 it,符合形式宾语句型结构。
5.答案:It is nice of you to help me with my math.
解析:采用形式主语句型,“nice” 描述 “you” 的友好品质,用 of 连接逻辑主语 “you”,真正主语为不定式 “to help me with my math”,符合 “it + be + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.” 结构,表达 “你帮我学数学这件事体现了你的友好” 的语义。
6.答案:I feel it interesting to watch documentaries.
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 作形式宾语置于谓语 “feel” 后,宾语补足语 “interesting” 紧跟 it,真正宾语为不定式 “to watch documentaries”;原句多余的 that 需删除,加 it 后符合 “主语 + feel + it + adj. + to do sth.” 结构。
7.答案:B
解析:“dangerous” 用于描述 “孩子在河边玩” 这件事的危险性质,不指向人的品质,故需用 for,选 B;of 用于形容词描述人品质的场景,with 和 about 无此搭配用法。
8.答案:It is exciting that he will visit us next week.
解析:原句真正主语为 that 从句 “That he will visit us next week”,采用形式主语句型时,用 it 作形式主语置于句首,“exciting” 作表语,真正主语后置,符合 “it + be + adj. + that 从句” 结构,避免句子头重脚轻。
9.答案:it
解析:句型为“主语 + think + it + adj. + that 从句”,“it” 作形式宾语,指代后面的 that 从句 “她必须在一天内完成两份报告”,“difficult” 作宾语补足语,故填 it,符合形式宾语句型结构。
10.答案:We find it useful to remember 10 English words every day.
解析:采用形式宾语句型,谓语动词用“find”,it 作形式宾语,“useful” 作宾语补足语,真正宾语为不定式 “to remember 10 English words every day”,符合 “主语 + find + it + adj. + to do sth.” 结构,表达 “我们发现每天记 10 个单词很有用” 的语义。
(三)3 年内真题训练答案与解析(10 题)
1.答案:C
解析:形式主语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的不定式 “to protect the environment”,this、that、one 均不可作形式主语,故选 C。
2.答案:B
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的不定式 “to collect stamps”,this、that、one 均不可作形式宾语,故选 B。
3.答案:of
解析:“kind” 用于描述 “you” 的善良品质,且可转换为 “You are kind to help me carry the heavy box”,符合 “it + be + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.” 结构,故填 of。
4.答案:C
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的不定式 “to learn a foreign language well”,what、this、that 均不可作形式宾语,故选 C。
5.答案:that
解析:真正主语为 that 引导的陈述句从句 “the sun rises in the east and sets in the west”,“太阳东升西落” 是客观真理,从句需用 that 引导,故填 that,符合 “it + be + adj. + that 从句” 结构。
6.答案:A
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的 that 从句 “we must hand in our homework on time”,that、this、one 均不可作形式宾语,故选 A。
7.答案:B
解析:“difficult” 用于描述 “老年人使用智能手机” 这件事的难度,不指向人的品质,符合 “it + be + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.” 结构,故选 B。
8.答案:it
解析:句型为“主语 + feel + it + n. + that 从句”,“it” 作形式宾语,指代后面的 that 从句 “我不能和你去听音乐会”,“a pity” 为宾语补足语,故填 it。
9.答案:C
解析:主语从句中表“是否” 需用 whether,if 不可用于主语从句表 “是否”;that 无 “是否” 含义,what 需在从句中作成分(此处从句不缺成分),故选 C。
10.答案:A
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的 that 从句 “everyone should follow the traffic rules”,this、that、what 均不可作形式宾语,故选 A。
(四)强化训练答案与解析(满分 100 分)
(一)单项选择题(每题 4 分,共 40 分)
1.答案:C
解析:形式主语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的不定式 “to read books every day”,this、that、one 均不可作形式主语,故选 C。
2.答案:B
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的不定式 “to remember English words by making sentences”,that、this、what 均不可作形式宾语,故选 B。
3.答案:A
解析:“polite” 用于描述 “you” 给老人让座的礼貌品质,且可转换为 “You are polite to give your seat to the old on the bus”,符合 “it + be + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.” 结构,故选 A。
4.答案:B
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的 that 从句 “all workers must wear uniforms”,that、this、one 均不可作形式宾语,故选 B。
5.答案:B
解析:“necessary” 用于描述 “学习自我保护” 这件事的客观必要性,不指向人的品质,符合 “it + be + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.” 结构,故选 B。
6.答案:A
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的 that 从句 “she can talk with foreigners in English”,that、this、what 均不可作形式宾语,故选 A。
7.答案:B
解析:主语从句中表“是否” 需用 whether,if 不可用于主语从句表 “是否”;that 无 “是否” 含义,when 表 “何时”(此处从句不缺时间状语),故选 B。
8.答案:B
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的不定式 “to be invited to the party”,this、that、one 均不可作形式宾语,故选 B。
9.答案:A
解析:“foolish” 用于描述 “him” 花太多时间玩电脑游戏的愚蠢行为,且可转换为 “He is foolish to spend too much time playing computer games”,符合 “it + be + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.” 结构,故选 A。
10.答案:B
解析:形式宾语句型中,需用 it 指代后面的不定式 “to practice speaking English every day”,that、this、which 均不可作形式宾语,故选 B。
(二)填空题(每空 3 分,共 30 分)
11.答案:for us
解析:“important” 描述 “掌握基础英语语法” 这件事的性质,用 for 连接逻辑主语 “we”(需用宾格 us),符合 “it + be + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.” 结构,故填 for us。
12.答案:it
解析:句型为“主语 + find + it + adj. + to do sth.”,“it” 作形式宾语,指代后面的不定式 “to finish the report in such a short time”,“difficult” 为宾语补足语,故填 it。
13.答案:that
解析:真正主语为 that 引导的陈述句从句 “the earth is round”,“地球是圆的” 是客观事实,从句需用 that 引导,故填 that。
14.答案:it;to hand
解析:第一空,“make” 后需用 it 作形式宾语,指代后面的真正宾语,符合 “make + it + n. + for sb. + to do sth.” 结构;第二空,真正宾语为不定式,“hand in homework” 表示 “交作业”,故填 to hand。
15.答案:of;to help
解析:第一空,“kind” 描述 “you” 的品质,符合 “it + be + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.” 结构,故填 of;第二空,真正主语为不定式,“help sb. with sth.” 表示 “帮助某人做某事”,故填 to help。
16.答案:it;to read
解析:第一空,“think” 后需用 it 作形式宾语,指代后面的真正宾语,符合 “think + it + adj. + to do sth.” 结构;第二空,真正宾语为不定式,“read history books” 表示 “读历史书”,故填 to read。
17.答案:whether
解析:主语从句中表“是否” 需用 whether,if 不可用于主语从句表 “是否”,故填 whether,符合 “it + be + adj. + whether 从句” 结构。
18.答案:it
解析:“feel” 后需用 it 作形式宾语,指代后面的 that 从句,符合 “feel + it + n. + that 从句” 结构,“a pity” 为宾语补足语,故填 it。
19.答案:watching
解析:“a waste of time” 后接动名词,构成 “it + be + a waste of time + doing sth.” 结构,“watch TV” 表示 “看电视”,故填 watching。
20.答案:it;to learn
解析:第一空,“consider” 后需用 it 作形式宾语,指代后面的真正宾语,符合 “consider + it + adj. + to do sth.” 结构;第二空,真正宾语为不定式,“learn a second language” 表示 “学一门第二语言”,故填 to learn。
(三)句型转换与翻译(每题 5 分,共 30 分)
21. 答案:It is meaningful to help others.
解析:原句真正主语为不定式“To help others”,形式主语句型需将真正主语后置,用 it 作形式主语,符合 “it + be + adj. + to do sth.” 结构,使句子结构更平衡。
22.答案:I think it important to learn English well.
解析:原句真正宾语为 that 从句 “that learning English well”,形式宾语句型需将真正宾语简化为不定式并后置,用 it 作形式宾语,“important” 作宾语补足语,符合 “think + it + adj. + to do sth.” 结构。
23.答案:It is good for children to exercise for half an hour every day.
解析:采用形式主语句型,“it” 作形式主语,真正主语为不定式 “to exercise for half an hour every day”,“for children” 表示 “对孩子们来说”,“good” 表示 “有益的”,符合 “it + be + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.” 结构。
24.答案:It is clever of him to work out the math problem.
解析:“clever” 描述 “him” 的品质,需将 for 改为 of,符合 “it + be + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.” 结构,使语义逻辑正确。
25.答案:She finds it happy to go to the park with friends. / She finds it happy going to the park with friends.
解析:采用形式宾语句型,“find” 作谓语,it 作形式宾语,“happy” 作宾语补足语,真正宾语可选用不定式 “to go to the park with friends” 或动名词 “going to the park with friends”,符合 “find + it + adj. + 真正宾语” 结构。
26. 答案:We believe it important that we should protect wild animals.
解析:“believe” 后缺形式宾语 it,需补充 it 置于 “believe” 与 “important” 之间,符合 “believe + it + adj. + that 从句” 结构,使句子语法完整。
来源 | Kewin英語
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